Public Health and an Epidemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Health and an Epidemic - Essay Example You know that it is hurting you and your whole body system but you cannot see it. You want to confront it but you cannot find it. You want to eradicate it but you cannot touch and catch it. Those are your predicaments. You appear to be the loser to the adversary which you cannot even tell if it is there or no longer there. In the meantime, this very tiny creature which attempts to destroy your whole human faculties keeps on multiplying and multiplying by fighting its own host which is you in order to survive. At the other side of the coin, here you are also fighting for your health and life against a virtual unknown and an invisible folly. Yes, it is a fight to survive between you and this mysterious foe. Who survives is a question you cannot resolve, despite all the knowledge and information which you have stored in your brain which this opponent ironically does not have. Then, you turn to Charles Darwin who utters "survival of the fittest".3 You have to be the winner. You have to b e the fittest else the homo sapiens becomes an endangered species or consequently extinct. In this study, the publi... Then, you turn to Charles Darwin who utters "survival of the fittest".3 You have to be the winner. You have to be the fittest else the homo sapiens becomes an endangered species or consequently extinct. Owing to the premises laid down above, it is therefore imperative that once an epidemic becomes noticeable, researches must be made to identify and define the killer. In this study, the public health topic selected is Chlamydia, a sexually transmitted disease. While it is very well under control by the use and management of certain antibiotics, there has been reported resurgence in alarming proportions.4 In the United States of America in the year 2006, there were more than one million cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD), an agency under the Department of Health and Human Services and there is reliable information that the figures of unreported cases are substantial. Chlamydia is a very important selection because it bears to infertility and to inborn infections which are sometimes irreversible, including pre-mature deliveries. It means that it is a threat to life especially of the innocent babies. 5 It is also worth to note that there are opinions commenting that people with Chlamydia are likely to acquire AIDS. Variant characteristics of Chlamydia Chlamydia being a sex disease, it is perceived to be common to people who are still within the active sexual life range It does not matter what race or gender one belongs to be exposed to the disease. As far as concerning occupation, this epidemic will not care whatever profession the person has although the probability of infection should be naturally high to those who trade with sex (like prostitutes, entertainment and hospitality workers) and those prone to have such unconventional

Cosmetic Surgery and Its Affect on the World Today Essay Example for Free

Cosmetic Surgery and Its Affect on the World Today Essay How far will you go to get the look you want? There are many people who have gone as far as changing their appearance to the point that they are unrecognizable. From nose jobs, face lifts, to reshaping their eyes, it has become nearly an epidemic. Plastic surgery is a medical procedure invented to improve an individual’s physical appearance or to minimize scarring resulting from accidents, disease or birth defects as well as disfigurement. The word plastic is derived from the Greek, meaning molding or giving form. Included in plastic surgery is cosmetic surgery, which can be used to reshape your face or body features. Cosmetic surgery is designed to improve an individuals appearance. Some women in China would bind their feet, crippling themselves in the process to appear beautiful. It is said that their feet are to be no larger than a deck of cards or it was disgraceful. Western women poured themselves into corsets, often causing damage to their internal organs, for the sake of beauty. High heels are linked to back problems as well as foot problems. The search for beauty and eternal youth continues, and today, modern technology has brought the medical profession into the issue. Fat can be literally sucked out of the body, body parts can be reduced or enlarged through surgery, and wrinkles can be erased. Where cosmetic surgery was once the near-exclusive purview of women, men are turning to surgical procedures in increasing numbers. There are, however, costs to such modification, and these costs extend well beyond the financial. This research argues against the indiscriminate use of cosmetic surgery. Plastic surgery has a very long history. As early as 1000 B.C.E., the first plastic surgery was reported in India, where a persons nose might be cut off as a form of punishment or, in the case of an adulterous Hindu wife, bitten off by the wronged husband. Procedures, which displayed remarkable similarity to present rhinoplasties, were developed to reconstruct the noses of such errant individuals (Davis 14). Plastic surgery appeared much later on the European continent. In the early fifteenth century, physicians began doing nose surgeries, by using skin flaps taken from the arm. Other forms of plastic surgery began to appear around the early sixteenth century. With the invention of ether and antisepsis, plastic surgery was able to emerge as a full-fledged medical specialty (Davis 15). In the first part of the century, nearly all plastic surgeries were done to alleviate deformities due to disease, birth or mishap; however, in the second half of the century this was no longer the case. Plastic surgery has some advantages too, with reconstructive surgery. Reconstructive surgery is used to fix deficiencies that couldn’t otherwise be fixed by any other treatment. Reconstructive surgery makes a notable advancement, and can be used to repair birth defects, such as hair lips, cleft pallets and internal forms of function. It can also be used for one that has suffered injuries due to an accident, and can also save limbs and restore joints that would be irreparable. There are certain skin burns, depending on how severe that can be repaired by skin grafting. Some facial injuries that involve dental repair are common procedures for plastic surgery. The field of plastic surgery has grown, allowing room for improvement and more accuracy of procedures. Cosmetic surgery may benefit some patients interpersonal relationships and self-esteem, which will lead to a better quality of life. This happens more often when the patient suffers from an abnormality, or other birth defects that affect their appearance. Cosmetic surgery is not to be taken lightly, as for some it has been proven to be damaging and have long-lasting side effects. There have been many people that have gone through multiple surgeries in order to get the look that they want. There are many different reasons behind some folks becoming obsessed with the surgery. The majority of ones belief is that they can achieve physical perfection through cosmetic surgery. In an attempt to achieve a state of perfect physical beauty, some people repeatedly seek cosmetic surgery procedures to alter their appearance, believing theyre only a surgery away from their imagined ideal. Many people who suffer from plastic surgery addiction are also victims of body dimorphic disorder, where an attractive person believes that they are unattractive no matter how appealing they may appear to another person. Celebrities who suffer from plastic surgery addiction often lack a strong self esteem and have a generalized level of unhappiness with them selves. Instead of addressing the real source of their unhappiness, they choose to solve their problems by altering their external appearance. There are many people in the world that also too have altered their appearance to look like a celebr ity as well. Many citizens in the society today have altered their faces to the point if you hadn’t known them before surgery, you wouldn’t recognize them afterwards. Statistics show that people aged between 35-50 years old had the most cosmetic procedures in 2007: 5.4 million or 46 percent of that total. People between ages 51-64 years of age had 25 percent of the cosmetic surgery procedures in 2007. People between ages 19-34 years old had 21 percent of the cosmetic surgery procedures in 2007. Senior citizens aged 65 and older had 6 percent of cosmetic surgery procedures in 2007. Teens aged 18 or younger had less than 2 percent of the cosmetic surgery procedures in 2007. Today even with the economy the way that it is people are still getting cosmetic surgery no matter what the cost. This just shows how some peoples lives are affected by the way that they appear to themselves and other people regardless of their age.

The Philosophical Investigations Essay examples -- Philosophy Philosop

The Philosophical Investigations ABSTRACT: The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein claims throughout his later writings to be teaching a method and this method is both philosophical and pedagogical. It is the claim of this paper that if we do not take Wittgenstein's methodological claim seriously, we do not engage with the text in the manner for which it was written. Consequently, we begin and end in the wrong places and the text becomes (in the words of Wittgenstein) 'variously misunderstood, more or less mangled and watered-down.' Â §1 is philosophically and pedagogically complex. It presents the philosophical problems to which Wittgenstein will respond in the text which follows and it also, significantly, presents their solution. An investigation of the philosophical and pedagogical questions raised in the opening remark of the Investigations will demonstrate that we have not yet begun to use Wittgenstein's method and his writings to their full potential. The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein claims throughout his later writings to be teaching a method, and this method is both philosophical and pedagogical. According to Moore and Fann he remarked to the effect that it did not matter whether his results were true or not, what mattered was that a method had been found (Moore 1993: 113). During the 1930s Wittgenstein also described the Investigations as a textbook; 'a textbook, however, not in that it provides knowledge (Wissen), but rather in that it stimulates thinking (Denken)'. (1) He claimed that the remarks which he wrote enabled him to teach philosophy well. (2) Although generally acknowledged within the secondary literature, these me... ...hers. Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1968) Philosophical Investigations, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1969) The Blue and Brown Books: Preliminary Studies for the 'Philosophical Investigations', Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1980) Culture and Value, eds. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, trans. P. Winch, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1982) Wittgenstein's Lectures 1932-1935, ed. Alice Ambrose, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1988) Wittgenstein's Lectures on Philosophical Psychology 1967-47, ed. P. T. Geach, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. __________ (1993) Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951, eds J. Klagge and A. Nordman, Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. __________ (1993) 'Philosophy' in Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951, eds J. Klagge and A. Nordman, Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.

Contradictory Characterisations of Women in Shakespeares Othello Essay

Contradictory Characterisations of Women in Shakespeare's Othello    Othello opens with a discussion between two men concerning the fate of a very beautiful woman named Desdemona. One of the men is distraught, having tried to win her love but miserably failed, and the other agrees that she is quite a prize. A prize is not just a name for Desdemona, as her humanity is lost somewhere along the way and she ceases to be anything but a prize to be won. Both men are angry and want to seek revenge against the man who won her, slandering Desdemona’s name in the process. Their superior and rival, the man who won Desdemona, is none other than Othello. Othello has proven the two men inferior, obtaining what they could not. The two other mistreated women in the play are Emilia and Bianca, all three viewed as nothing more than objects of lust.   Desdemona was born from a high-class Venetian family; Emilia is a servant; Bianca is a â€Å"whore,† incidentally a word that Desdemona refuses to use. Although they all belong to completely different classes, they are all abused by men and become the objects of their sex... ...rk: Penguin Books, 1968. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Talisman Energy

Talisman Energy Inc. (Talisman) is an independent Canadian oil and gas producer. Talisman is a company that has been through a great deal of criticism due to their negative experience in Sudan in previous years. They were accused of numerous things such as fueling the civil war, believing the Sudanese Government was using oil revenues to purchase weaponry, and of being complicit in human rights abuses because of fees and royalties paid to the government for the rights to explore oil and gas.Now, Talisman is faced with the decision of whether or not they should enter into Kurdistan, knowing that the same thing can happen there as it did in Sudan. The KRG is asking for $220 million in exchange for allowing Talisman to search for oil reserves. Not knowing what the KRG will use the money for, whether it’s to improve economic development or to purchase weaponry creates a dilemma for Talisman. The board of directors had first-hand experience of the damage to Talisman’s reputa tion. With proper due diligence and continuous re-evaluation of the situation in Kurdistan, Talisman should now find it easier to discover political risk and solve problems before they arise.Problem StatementTalisman Energy Inc. has encountered problems in the past when entering into politically unstable markets in other countries. Now they are faced with the decision whether to enter the oil-rich Kurdistan region of Iraq, knowing there are great risks associated with it. If they decide to enter Kurdistan, can they do it without facing the same problems as they did in Sudan?AnalysisTalisman’s interest in pursuing oil exploration in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has been shaped by many factors. First being that Kurdistan is estimated to have 39 million barrels of oil reserves. Second, Talisman was optimistic about the opportunity for foreign oil companies to tap into Iraqi oil now that Saddam Hussein had been defeated. Finally, the Kurdistan area was viewed as significantly saf er than the rest of Iraq. Talisman Energy Inc. is a company who has experience doing business in countries with high political risk. Political risk can be caused by conflict and violence, terrorism and kidnapping, property seizure, policy changes, and local  content requirements (Wild & Wild, International Business, 2012). Corruption sometimes plays a role in international business. See table 1 for the Corruption perception index. The higher the CPI score the less corruptive the country is.Table 1 Corruption Perception Index CountryCPI ScoreFinland9.0 to 10.0 Canada8.0 to 8.9 United States of America7.0 to 7.9 Spain6.0 to 6.9 Hungary5.0 to 5.9 Greece4.0 to 4.9 Mexico3.0 to 3.9 Russia2.0 to 2.9 Iraq1.0 to 1.9Talisman is now faced with the decision of whether or not they should enter into Kurdistan given the uncertainty in such an unstable region. Have they done the proper due diligence to proceed into Iraq. Iraq is a region with high political risk see Exhibit 1 (Wild & Wild, Inter national Business, 2012).Exhibit 1 Political risk around the WorldIn retrospect, should Talisman have gone into Sudan?Talisman made a good decision by entering Sudan. They were aware of the risks but the rewards were potentially high. It was for this reason they took the chance. They were faced with many challenges such as being blamed for influencing the Civil War. Overcoming these challenges only made the company stronger and more knowledgeable for similar future situations. What are the learnings from the Sudan experience?Talisman learned a great deal from the Sudan experience. They established a dedicated Corporate Responsibility Group (CR) in response to the events in Sudan. The CR group have developed Talisman’s CR policies, procedures and  reporting protocols. Over the years, they have included government relations and responsibility for assessing the risks involved in new projects, especially when entering countries that have high political risk. The company has als o added the International Code of Ethics for Canadian Business to its existing corporate code of ethics (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to Enter Iraq, 2009). For more information on how Talisman manages their corporate responsibility see Exhibit 2.Exhibit 2 Talisman managing Corporate Responsibility Their commitment to corporate responsibility is founded in their company values. Their people put these values into action daily. Their dedication to making Talisman a great corporate citizen is built into the policies, systems, procedures and practices they have put in place to keep them improving. Their values include: Safety: Their goal is to create working conditions that cause no harm to people. Passion: They inspire others by the passion they demonstrate in their work. Results: They have a bias for results and take initiative to get things done efficiently, creating value for their shareholders. Respect: They take time to consider and appreciate other people’s points of view and treat the environment with respect.Excellence: They strive for excellence in what they do and how they do it. Teamwork: by working effectively together, they can deliver results far beyond their individual capabilities. Honest communication: They show courage to speak honestly and support others to do the same. How much money can Talisman make by entering Iraq?If the U.S geological survey is correct in estimating Kurdistan to have 39 billion barrels of oil reserves, then Talisman can make an enormous amount of money by entering Kurdistan. The world demand for oil in 2008 is forecast at 87 million barrels per day and the price of oil was US$130 per barrel (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to Enter Iraq, 2009). The profit would be in the trillions. These large figures could cloud ones judgement when making such an important decision as this. The resources are there to generate huge profits but the circumstances they have to go through to do so  will have to be examined. W hat are the costs and benefits for Talisman to enter Iraq?CostsA 220 million dollar payment has to be paid to the Kurdistan Regional Government. Talisman’s entry might be viewed as support for the Kurdistan government as it was in Sudan and as a result there could be opposition form the U.S government, which supports the unity of Iraq and the Iraqi central government. There has yet to be an agreement on revenue sharing (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to Enter Iraq, 2009). This could cause problems between the central government and the Kurdistan Regional government. A decision to enter Iraq could ruin the reputation of the company if the same thing were to happen there as in Sudan. The Iraqi central government controls Iraq’s export pipeline system. Without the ability to export the oil, Talismans oil revenue would be significantly curtailed.Benefits†¢Have access to large amounts of oil reserves. †¢Financial growth resulting in trillions of dollars in pro fit. †¢An opportunity to invest in the region of Kurdistan. †¢An opportunity to increase the company’s overall market share. †¢An increased level of profit as a result of cheaper labour than other business ventures.Discussion of AlternativesThere are some alternatives that may help solve Talisman’s problems. Presented here are some advantages and disadvantages of each as well as how each would affect the company as a whole and the country in which it is conducting business. One alternative would be to become more involved in the country where the business is taking place. A positive image needs to be put forth. Talisman needs to show others that it wants to make a difference in the Kurdistan region. With the $220 million that is to be paid to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), it is possible that Talisman could approach the KRG and make some kind of a deal regarding the use of the money. Hopefully this will ensure that it is used to build affordabl e housing, hospitals, schools, roads, and improve drinking water.This has all been destroyed or damaged by past conflict within the country. The advantage of this action results in proving to others that the money is being spent to  improve economic development in the region of Kurdistan and not to create independence from Iraq. A disadvantage of this would be the actual cost to carry out such an amount of work. Ultimately, it would improve their public image and presence in Kurdistan and hopefully prevent any controversy while being there. Another alternative would be to continually evaluate their position while in Kurdistan. This involves evaluating risk to prevent unexpected risks from occurring or exposure to them. By doing this, Talisman would always be on top of the situation at hand and it will allow them to become more proactive in their presence there. It will also help them to decide to stay or leave at any particular time. An advantage of this would be awareness of the local conditions and political/economic environment.They would re-evaluate the risks on a regular basis. This should prevent them from making the same mistakes as they did in Sudan. A disadvantage of this again would be that it is more costly. In addition, Talisman is risking the chances of another company taking the opportunity to enter the region and gain control of the oil reserves. The end result would be that Talisman would be receiving constant updates on the situation in Kurdistan.RecommendationTalisman Energy Inc. is a company that has had their fair share of problems when dealing with areas involving high political risk, such as Sudan. During their time there, they learned a great deal about risk and what to look for to reduce it to an acceptable level for investment purposes. The best way to reduce risk is too continually evaluate the region in which they are conducting business. With all the experience that Talisman has gained in Sudan they should now have a higher level of knowledge and comfort in doing business in Kurdistan. Talisman should now find it easier to discover political risks in new investment ventures. By completing the proper due diligence and exploration of political, legal, social and human rights issues, they should excel in doing business in the Kurdistan region.One must always remember when conducting business in an area with high political risks come high cost. If Talisman decides to enter Kurdistan it has to make sure that the $220 million dollar payment to the Kurdistan Regional Government is transparent and that it meets the standards of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to  Enter Iraq, 2009). A deal should try and be made with the KRG to ensure that the money be spent on economic development and not on weapons. This would show the people of the region and the world that Talisman wants to help the people of Kurdistan improve their country, while at the same time establish a viable relationship with the region in order to successfully operate its business in the oil industry. Talisman Energy Executive SummaryTalisman Energy Inc. (Talisman) is an independent Canadian oil and gas producer. Talisman is a company that has been through a great deal of criticism due to their negative experience in Sudan in previous years. They were accused of numerous things such as fueling the civil war, believing the Sudanese Government was using oil revenues to purchase weaponry, and of being complicit in human rights abuses because of fees and royalties paid to the government for the rights to explore oil and gas.Now, Talisman is faced with the decision of whether or not they should enter into Kurdistan, knowing that the same thing can happen there as it did in Sudan. The KRG is asking for $220 million in exchange for allowing Talisman to search for oil reserves. Not knowing what the KRG will use the money for, whether it’s to improve economic development or to purchase weaponry creates a dilemma for Talisman. The board of directors had first-hand experience of the damage to Talisma n’s reputation. With proper due diligence and continuous re-evaluation of the situation in Kurdistan, Talisman should now find it easier to discover political risk and solve problems before they arise.Problem StatementTalisman Energy Inc. has encountered problems in the past when entering into politically unstable markets in other countries. Now they are faced with the decision whether to enter the oil-rich Kurdistan region of Iraq, knowing there are great risks associated with it. If they decide to enter Kurdistan, can they do it without facing the same problems as they did in Sudan? AnalysisTalisman’s interest in pursuing oil exploration in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has been shaped by many factors. First being that Kurdistan is estimated to have 39 million barrels of oil reserves. Second, Talisman was optimistic about the opportunity for foreign oil companies to tap into Iraqi oil now that Saddam Hussein had been defeated. Finally, the Kurdistan area was viewed as significantly safer than the rest of Iraq.Talisman Energy Inc. is a company who has experience doing business in countries with high political risk. Political risk can be caused by conflict and violence, terrorism and kidnapping, property seizure, policy changes, and local  content requirements (Wild & Wild, International Business, 2012). Corruption sometimes plays a role in international business. See table 1 for the Corruption perception index. The higher the CPI score the less corruptive the country is.Table 1 Corruption Perception Index Country CPI ScoreFinland9.0 to 10.0 Canada8.0 to 8.9 United States of America7.0 to 7.9 Spain6.0 to 6.9 Hungary5.0 to 5.9 Greece4.0 to 4.9 Mexico3.0 to 3.9 Russia2.0 to 2.9 Iraq1.0 to 1.9Talisman is now faced with the decision of whether or not they should enter into Kurdistan given the uncertainty in such an unstable region. Have they done the proper due diligence to proceed into Iraq. Iraq is a region with high political risk see Exhibit 1 ( Wild & Wild, International Business, 2012). Exhibit 1 Political risk around the World)In retrospect, should Talisman have gone into Sudan?Talisman made a good decision by entering Sudan. They were aware of the risks but the rewards were potentially high. It was for this reason they took the chance. They were faced with many challenges such as being blamed for influencing the Civil War. Overcoming these challenges only made the company stronger and more knowledgeable for similar future situations. What are the learnings from the Sudan experience?Talisman learned a great deal from the Sudan experience. They established a dedicated Corporate Responsibility Group (CR) in response to the events in Sudan. The CR group have developed Talisman’s CR policies, procedures and  reporting protocols. Over the years, they have included government relations and responsibility for assessing the risks involved in new projects, especially when entering countries that have high political risk. The company has also added the International Code of Ethics for Canadian Business to its existing corporate code of ethics (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to Enter Iraq, 2009).For more information on how Talisman manages their corporate responsibility see Exhibit 2. Exhibit 2 Talisman managing Corporate Responsibility Their commitment to corporate responsibility is founded in their company values. Their people put these values into action daily. Their dedication to making Talisman a great corporate citizen is built into the policies, systems, procedures and practices they have put in place to keep them improving. Their values include: Safety: Their goal is to create working conditions that cause no harm to people.Passion: They inspire others by the passion they demonstrate in their work. Results: They have a bias for results and take initiative to get things done efficiently, creating value for their shareholders. Respect: They take time to consider and appreciate other peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s points of view and treat the environment with respect. Excellence: They strive for excellence in what they do and how they do it. Teamwork: by working effectively together, they can deliver results far beyond their individual capabilities. Honest communication: They show courage to speak honestly and support others to do the same. How much money can Talisman make by entering Iraq?If the U.S geological survey is correct in estimating Kurdistan to have 39 billion barrels of oil reserves, then Talisman can make an enormous amount of money by entering Kurdistan. The world demand for oil in 2008 is forecast at 87 million barrels per day and the price of oil was US$130 per barrel (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to Enter Iraq, 2009). The profit would be in the trillions. These large figures could cloud ones judgement when making such an important decision as this. The resources are there to generate huge profits but the circumstances they have to go through to do so  will ha ve to be examined. What are the costs and benefits for Talisman to enter Iraq?CostsA 220 million dollar payment has to be paid to the Kurdistan Regional Government. Talisman’s entry might be viewed as support for the Kurdistan government as it was in Sudan and as a result there could be opposition form the U.S government, which supports the unity of Iraq and the Iraqi central government. There has yet to be an agreement on revenue sharing (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to Enter Iraq, 2009). This could cause problems between the central government and the Kurdistan Regional government. A decision to enter Iraq could ruin the reputation of the company if the same thing were to happen there as in Sudan. The Iraqi central government controls Iraq’s export pipeline system. Without the ability to export the oil, Talismans oil revenue would be significantly curtailed.Benefits†¢Have access to large amounts of oil reserves. †¢Financial growth resulting in trillio ns of dollars in profit. †¢An opportunity to invest in the region of Kurdistan. †¢An opportunity to increase the company’s overall market share. †¢An increased level of profit as a result of cheaper labour than other business ventures. Discussion of AlternativesThere are some alternatives that may help solve Talisman’s problems. Presented here are some advantages and disadvantages of each as well as how each would affect the company as a whole and the country in which it is conducting business. One alternative would be to become more involved in the country where the business is taking place. A positive image needs to be put forth. Talisman needs to show others that it wants to make a difference in the Kurdistan region. With the $220 million that is to be paid to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), it is possible that Talisman could approach the KRG and make some kind of a deal regarding the use of the money.Hopefully this will ensure that it is use d to build affordable housing, hospitals, schools, roads, and improve drinking water. This has all been destroyed or damaged by past conflict within the country. The advantage of this action results in proving to others that the money is being spent to  improve economic development in the region of Kurdistan and not to create independence from Iraq. A disadvantage of this would be the actual cost to carry out such an amount of work. Ultimately, it would improve their public image and presence in Kurdistan and hopefully prevent any controversy while being there. Another alternative would be to continually evaluate their position while in Kurdistan.This involves evaluating risk to prevent unexpected risks from occurring or exposure to them. By doing this, Talisman would always be on top of the situation at hand and it will allow them to become more proactive in their presence there. It will also help them to decide to stay or leave at any particular time. An advantage of this would be awareness of the local conditions and political/economic environment. They would re-evaluate the risks on a regular basis.This should prevent them from making the same mistakes as they did in Sudan. A disadvantage of this again would be that it is more costly. In addition, Talisman is risking the chances of another company taking the opportunity to enter the region and gain control of the oil reserves. The end result would be that Talisman would be receiving constant updates on the situation in Kurdistan.RecommendationTalisman Energy Inc. is a company that has had their fair share of problems when dealing with areas involving high political risk, such as Sudan. During their time there, they learned a great deal about risk and what to look for to reduce it to an acceptable level for investment purposes. The best way to reduce risk is too continually evaluate the region in which they are conducting business. With all the experience that Talisman has gained in Sudan they should now have a higher level of knowledge and comfort in doing business in Kurdistan.Talisman should now find it easier to discover political risks in new investment ventures. By completing the proper due diligence and exploration of political, legal, social and human rights issues, they should excel in doing business in the Kurdistan region. One must always remember when conducting business in an area with high political risks come high cost. If Talisman decides to enter Kurdistan it has to make sure that the $220 million dollar payment to the Kurdistan Regional Government is transparent and that it meets the standards of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (Talisman Energy Inc.: The Decision to

Ethiopian Economy essay part 2Essay Writing Service

Ethiopian Economy essay part 2Essay Writing Service Ethiopian Economy essay part 2 Ethiopian Economy essay part 2  Ethiopian Economy essay part  1In actuality, some behemoths of Ethiopian economy remain under control of the government, including telecommunications, financial and insurance services, air and land transportation services, and retail. In such a situation, the government still has a considerable impact on the economic development of the country and businesses have to take into consideration policies conducted by the government, while planning their business activities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Agriculture as the main branch of Ethiopian economyToday, agriculture comprises the largest share of Ethiopian GDP with about 85% of the labor force employed in agriculture. Historically, agriculture played the leading part in the economic development of Ethiopia (Mauri, 2010). Favorable physical conditions and rich natural resources favorable for the development of agriculture stimulated the fast development of agriculture. Moreover, agriculture comprises a large part of the national export. This is why agriculture is strategically important for Ethiopia. In this regard, the cattle farming are particularly important but the health safety of Ethiopian agricultural products has become the primary concerns at the international market because of epidemics of the cattle in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, Ethiopian agriculture still keeps progressing and plays an important, if not to say the determinant, part in Ethiopian economy.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tourism as one of the most prospective industries in EthiopiaTourism is a relatively new direction in the development of Ethiopian economy. In this regard, the development of tourism matches- the development of the global tourism industry. The development of the tourism industry opens new opportunities for Ethiopian economy to stimulate the fast growth of the GDP without rapid industrialization, consistent environmental changes and technological breakthrough, which is required to close the gap between Ethiopia and de veloped countries in terms of their industrial development (Ofcansky Berry, 2010). In actuality, Ethiopian tourism industry focuses on the development of green tourism. The target customer group of Ethiopian tourism companies comprises westerners and tourists from well-developed countries mainly.American Perspective on Ethiopian EconomyThe export of minerals and natural resources does not play the determinant part in the economic development and international economic relations of Ethiopia, but the US views Ethiopia as the attractive country for investments in the gold mining industry. The export of gold comprises the core of Ethiopian export of minerals. At the same time, export of gold contributes to the overall growth of international economic relations of Ethiopia. Therefore, the US companies can enhance their position in Ethiopia, in case of the further cooperation between the US and Ethiopia.The import of knowledge from the US implies the professional training of professional s from Ethiopia, who will work in Ethiopia. Today, Ethiopia needs well-qualified professionals, who can work in different fields and accelerate the economic growth and progress of Ethiopia as a regional leader. However, the training of Ethiopian professionals abroad often leads to brain drain, when Ethiopian students just stay in those countries, where they get their training.In such a situation, the development of the local higher education is one of the priorities for Ethiopia along with the possible involvement of foreign educators. At the same time, Ethiopia still relies heavily on the training of its professionals abroad (Zewde, 2001).The import of knowledge is crucial for the further enhancement of the position of Ethiopia in international markets because, in the post-industrial world, Ethiopia should focus on the development of high technologies and introduce innovations which can boost not only particular business development but also and mainly the economic development of t he entire country.In such a way, the US views Ethiopia as the economy with huge potential, where American companies can develop perspective industries, such as gold mining and where they can supply machinery, equipment and knowledge, through professional training of students from Ethiopia. Moreover, the US views Ethiopia as the country attractive for American investors, who can invest in the local agriculture, industrial production, gold mining, and other sectors. In addition, American companies can move production to Ethiopia, where the costs of the labor force is much lower that will open wider access to African and Middle Eastern markets.Chinese Perspective on Ethiopian economyChina also views Ethiopia as an attractive country for its investments. However, unlike the US, China is also concerned with the possible export of weapons to Ethiopia, taking into consideration the tense situation in neighboring states. In addition, China views Ethiopia as the target market for its export- oriented companies. The fast growth of Ethiopian economy at the moment creates conditions for the fast growth of import and Chinese companies have a chance to take the lion share of the local market. In this regard, policies of Chinese companies will be different from American ones because Chinese companies are not interested in the move of production from China to Ethiopia but they are interested in the direct export of their products to Ethiopia. In addition, Chinese universities can become alternative and European ones, where Ethiopian students can learn successfully but pay lower fees compared to western universities.ConclusionThus, Ethiopian economy is growing fast. The economic growth contributes to the overall improvement of the quality of life of Ethiopians. However, Ethiopian economy still remains to be agricultural with agriculture contributing a lion share to the national GDP. This is why Ethiopian economy needs further reforms and changes, among which the development of tourism is one of the most prospective directions, especially taking into consideration that the larger part of the population comprises young, economically active people.

Free Essays on Symbolism And Setting Of Everyday Use

In the short story, â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, there is much use of symbolism and setting throughout. The main characters are Mama and Maggie and Dee. There is a detailed contrast throughout the story between simple necessary objects and stylish objects. Mama and Maggie do not agree with how Dee interprets the value of certain objects within their lives. Dee only sees things for their superficial value. Walker tries to convey that the substance or core essence of an object or a person is far more important than the style. Mama, the speaker within the story, is described as a â€Å"large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands† (654). She also makes reference to being able to â€Å"kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man† (654-5) these statements do not portray her as being the typical graceful, nurturing mother. She does however, enjoy doing many things. Mama and Maggie are both more interested in the practicality of objects around them more than anything else. However, Dee is superficial, paying much more attention to style and fashion. She doesn’t seem to have any hobbies which she enjoys. When Dee joined the Nation of Islam and changed her name to Wangero, she began to view old objects as an important part of her heritage and as art. The Butter Churn and Dasher are two examples of the objects Dee now shows interest in. The butter churn was crafted by Maggie and Dee’s Uncle Buddy. Mama describes them with great detail which indicates how much value she holds to them. Dee, on the other hand, plans to use the top of the churn as a centerpiece for her table and just throw away the bottom part. She says that she will â€Å"think of something artistic to do with the dasher† (658). Dee apparently sees no useful life for either of the two objects. Mama is not very pleased, as she is a practical woman. The quilts are the last part of family history to be argued over. The history of the qui... Free Essays on Symbolism And Setting Of Everyday Use Free Essays on Symbolism And Setting Of Everyday Use In the short story, â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, there is much use of symbolism and setting throughout. The main characters are Mama and Maggie and Dee. There is a detailed contrast throughout the story between simple necessary objects and stylish objects. Mama and Maggie do not agree with how Dee interprets the value of certain objects within their lives. Dee only sees things for their superficial value. Walker tries to convey that the substance or core essence of an object or a person is far more important than the style. Mama, the speaker within the story, is described as a â€Å"large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands† (654). She also makes reference to being able to â€Å"kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man† (654-5) these statements do not portray her as being the typical graceful, nurturing mother. She does however, enjoy doing many things. Mama and Maggie are both more interested in the practicality of objects around them more than anything else. However, Dee is superficial, paying much more attention to style and fashion. She doesn’t seem to have any hobbies which she enjoys. When Dee joined the Nation of Islam and changed her name to Wangero, she began to view old objects as an important part of her heritage and as art. The Butter Churn and Dasher are two examples of the objects Dee now shows interest in. The butter churn was crafted by Maggie and Dee’s Uncle Buddy. Mama describes them with great detail which indicates how much value she holds to them. Dee, on the other hand, plans to use the top of the churn as a centerpiece for her table and just throw away the bottom part. She says that she will â€Å"think of something artistic to do with the dasher† (658). Dee apparently sees no useful life for either of the two objects. Mama is not very pleased, as she is a practical woman. The quilts are the last part of family history to be argued over. The history of the qui...

The Murder of Anchorwoman Ann Pressly

The Murder of Anchorwoman Ann Pressly On October 20, 2008, Anne Pressly, a popular morning anchorwoman at KATV television, was found badly beaten in the bedroom of her home in the Pulaski Heights section of Little Rock. She was found by her mother who went to check on her after she failed to answer a wake-up call. Every bone in her face was broken, her jaw was shattered and she broke her hand will trying to fight off her attacker. She died five days later as a result of her injuries without regaining consciousness. Recent Developments Man Convicted in Anchorwomans Murder Previous Developments Judge Refuses to Delay Anchorwoman Case Trial Anchorwoman Suspect Says Police Tricked HimOct. 8, 2009An Arkansas man accused of the murder of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman testified that the police used threats and tricks to get him to confess to the crime and give different versions of what happened. Suspect in Anchorwoman Death Refuses ExaminationJune 16, 2009An Arkansas man accused of the murder of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman has refused to undergo a court-ordered mental examination. Court papers said Curtis Lavelle Vance refused the exam, but he did so in a rational manner. Accused Anchorwoman Killer Faces EvaluationMay 5, 2009The man facing trial for killing a popular Little Rock television news anchor will face a mental evaluation at the request of his attorneys. Curtis Lavelle Vance is charged with the murder of Anne Pressly. Anchorwomans Accused Killer Charged in RapeApril 11, 2009The man accused of killing a popular Little Rock, Arkansas television anchorwoman has entered a not guilty plea to rape and burglary in a separate case. Curtis Lavelle Vance, 28, was linked to the rape in his hometown of Marianna by DNA evidence collected in the Ann Pressly case, police said. Parents Say Pressly Was Sexually AssaultedDec. 1, 2008The parents of a television anchorwoman who was beaten to death in her home say she was also sexually assaulted. Anne Pressly was beaten so badly her jaw was shattered and she broke her hand trying to defend herself, her parents told NBCs Today show. DNA Links Murder Suspect to Earlier RapeNov. 28, 2008The Arkansas man arrested for the murder of a popular television anchorwoman in Little Rock has been linked through DNA evidence in that case to the rape of a school teacher in April. Curtis Lavelle Vance, 28, is being held without bond for the murder of Anne Pressly. Man Charged in Anchorwomans Beating DeathNov. 26, 2008A 28-year-old Arkansas man has been arrested in the death of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman who was found beaten in her home in October. Curtis Lavelle Vance of Marianna was charged with capital murder in the death of 26-year-old Anne Pressly. Reward Offered for Clues in Anchorwomans MurderOct. 25, 2008A $30,000 reward is being offered for information in the case of an Arkansas television anchorwoman who was found brutally beaten in her home last week. Anne Pressly, 26, died from the injuries that she received in the apparent home-invasion robbery a week ago.

Integrating Social Media into Mainstream News Essay

Integrating Social Media into Mainstream News - Essay Example The social media therefore cannot be replaced with the mainstream news in entirety due to the fact that the social media is still a great deal behind the mainstream news in terms of authenticity and genuineness of its content. This has been implicated time and again by the immense changes which have come about within the related ranks of technological growth and development. Even though the technology has markedly changed and for the better, there still are many apprehensions within the minds of the conservatives and thinkers of the society who believe that social media cannot and will never replace the traditional news methodologies and conventions which have been there for such a long period of time. Hence one comes to the conclusion that the pitfalls are immensely driven in order to understand how the social media has lagged far behind in its race to achieve supremacy over the mainstream news. This is because the mainstream news takes into perspective many different conventions an d routines which the social media does not really pay heed to2. The social media looks at delivering the message of the common man and woman on the ground where more personalization and customization of processes is undertaken. The mainstream news is a collective mesh of all these angles and points of view where emphasis has remained on getting the job done through a pool of news reports, stories and events’ coverage. The social media has therefore been treated differently by distinctive sets of people. This is because they require that the news stories are propagated by renowned institutions and corporations which are more reliable and easily digestible by the audiences3. What is even more interesting is the observation that the social media does not really solve the quandaries that are related with the collective wisdom of the people rather it focuses on the individuals who hail within a singular group or faction for that matter. The real world examples that could be quoted here comprise of individuals who have become famous for leaking news stories and reports over the Internet before the traditional mainstream news has even gotten a clue about the same. This is a very interesting observation that has been much quoted and discussed at length within the relevant circles and thus has been given significance by people from varied strata of life. Some of the more common examples include the live embedding of video, images and sounds over the Internet which is virally transmitted to people4. This is markedly different from what is transferred over the traditional mainstream news where a great of control and influence is exerted by the news makers and news controllers. What is even more significant is how they exert this control to get their point of view across which is exponentially increased within the reigns of the social media phenomenon. Hence a great deal of positive and negative aspects come about when one speaks of the discussion as to whether int egrating the social media into mainstream news would do any good. What this would eventually mean is the fact that this integration shall result in perspectives that are result-oriented and which would do more good than harm in entirety5. How this discussion will be summed up is dependent on how problems need to be tackled which come up close and personal within the related spheres. The

Obituary story about myself Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obituary story about myself - Article Example (Name), was an Italian-born Venezuelan, whose parents moved on to stay in Venezuela during the time World War II was taking place. His grandfathers were very hard working people; one was a doctor, and the other was a building constructor. From their hard work and dedication to good service, this family became highly renowned and respected. He was born and raised in Maracaibo, a town that is located in one of the cities in Venezuela. His parents did their best to ensure that they educated him to meet his educational, career and personal goals, despite the hard life that was being experienced in Venezuela at that time. He started his educational journey in Maracaibo, where he attended and graduated from high school, thereafter; he attended Georgia Tech University in Atlanta U.S.A and stayed on for one year. He joined Miami University, to advance his career in broadcast journalism and became a success story in his field. After finishing, he was part of the production and editing team in various media houses in the United States. (name), had a lifetime dream of serving his people and dying at a ripe age of 90 years, something that he was lucky to achieve. During his lifetime, (name) managed to have high-profile interviews in his career; he held his interview program with the CNN Espanol. In his program, (name), was interested in helping people know how to create positive change and influence in the society through establishment of different systems. His program lasted for almost two years, where he later joined E-entertainment, hosting various entertainment programs on television programs electronically. Through dedication and excellence in service delivery, all his television programs had a wide audience, receiving several accolades internationally. It is through his service in the entertainment industry that he met Jessica, the famous Pop Music Star, whom she engaged and later married. His wedding took place in the Silicon Valley of the United States, and

American Indian Music History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Indian Music History - Essay Example the coming of Europeans and the whites to â€Å"the new land† (America), assimilation became a primary tool used by the whites to streamline cultures and create harmony in the white’s quest for expansion and trade in the country. Assimilation policy that was equally developed by the government of the United States has resulted in the erosion of most cultures of the indigenous communities in America. American Indians are among the people who were greatly affected with assimilation relegating their culture almost to extinction. Participation of the American Indians in the west wild show was a crucial step in the preservation of culture through showcasing to the young generation the significance of the culture and association of one to his/her culture. According to Warren, L. S. (pp. 369), paragraph 37 of the article indicates the significance of Wild West dance in preservation of Indian culture where, â€Å"the wild west show was most of all a new genre of Indian perform ance wherein dozens of Indians, some of them renowned war leaders, simulated life before conquest.† Ghost dance appeared as a form of religion that combined the traditional religious practices and some aspects of Christianity. The indicators of the order believed that through the performance of the dance, one could reach a state where communication with the spirit of the dead could be possible. This was thus meant to bring peace and prosperity to the community. According to the whites, Ghost dance was seen as a challenge to their influence in America and religion. The notion that the form of dance was to bring emancipation to the community came at loggerheads with the whites’ interest in America. According to Warren, L. S. (pp. 377) paragraph 66, â€Å"When the department of the interior finally requested the help of the army late in 1890, Milles’s response was to surround areas where Ghost Dancers had large following, and requested that all Indians cone to the

The Nursing Shortage and the Quality of Patient Care Annotated Bibliography

The Nursing Shortage and the Quality of Patient Care - Annotated Bibliography Example stantial environment, information and communication systems, cooperation and support services are also factors that affect the amount of time used by nurses thus affecting the value of the care of patients. This research project was carried out to clarify the factors that influence the current nursing shortage together with possible solutions to curb the shortage. It tries to reveal the influence of social factors and the government policy to the problem of nurse shortages in hospitals and other health centers. The effects of arguments both in agreement and in disagreement with policy intervention on the overall provision of nursing services were scrutinized. It was found out that increase in the number of nurses available would not solve the problem if there is no policy intervention to put the financial value on the quality of care provided by nurses. The strength of this study is that it explored and revealed that nursing care requires the government’s supervision since it is in conjunction with the aim of saving life. The project further examined factors that influence nursing supply and demand which include legislation passage, educational assistance and the setting up of minimum staffing needs and quality standards for repayment. The major weakness of this project is that it does not point out educational factors that influence the shortage of nurses since researchers have found out that not many people want to be in the nursing profession and would rather study other carriers. Nurses have been observed to be overworked thus pushing young people away from the dreams of being future nurses. This project is highly applicable to nursing practice as it is seen that weighty considerations that should be factored out in policy creation include compensation for quality care, the employment efforts of other nurses and the multifaceted nature of the nursing profession. This project reviews the shortage of nurses and implies strategies that have to be

Imagine being a leader in a small-to-mid company Assignment

Imagine being a leader in a small-to-mid company - Assignment Example e cost is not equal for all but largely depends upon lifestyle-related habits such as excessive liquor consumption, eating habits leading to obesity, smoking because such people needs additional healthcare giving rise to insurance costs. This raises the burden of employer because they need to pay at least half of the insurance cost for each employee as a contractual obligation while offering job to a prospective employee. It becomes imperative that some policy framework, in the matter related to insurance cost, needs to be prepared and implemented that distinguish employees based on their lifestyles. In a free-market economy, costs need to be shared judiciously - in line with the benefits derived by employees. Market can always adjust, while providing full healthcare benefits to workers, by providing lower wages to them so that the total cost to employer remains unchanged but that cannot be done due to minimum wage act in operation. Another alternative is to reduce the number of workers so as to keep the total wage bill constant. When wage rate is allowed to settle on its own without any external interference such as minimum wage act, these issues do not crop up. Quite often, economists have given their expert opinion that the minimum wage act creates market distortion in employment generation process harming weaker section of the society. Survival of the organization largely depends upon how fairly everyone is treated based on their contribution to the organization and the costs incurred on them. Usually, most employers do engage themselves in cost-benefit analysis while providing employment to any employee. The commercial wisdom entails that burden of health insurance cost must be shared appropriately – in proportion to the benefits garnered because lifestyle approach of each employee greatly differs. It will not be out of place to mention that giants such as IBM provides rebates to workers on insurance costs who follow healthy lifestyles and penalizes those

The Nursing Shortage and the Quality of Patient Care Annotated Bibliography

The Nursing Shortage and the Quality of Patient Care - Annotated Bibliography Example stantial environment, information and communication systems, cooperation and support services are also factors that affect the amount of time used by nurses thus affecting the value of the care of patients. This research project was carried out to clarify the factors that influence the current nursing shortage together with possible solutions to curb the shortage. It tries to reveal the influence of social factors and the government policy to the problem of nurse shortages in hospitals and other health centers. The effects of arguments both in agreement and in disagreement with policy intervention on the overall provision of nursing services were scrutinized. It was found out that increase in the number of nurses available would not solve the problem if there is no policy intervention to put the financial value on the quality of care provided by nurses. The strength of this study is that it explored and revealed that nursing care requires the government’s supervision since it is in conjunction with the aim of saving life. The project further examined factors that influence nursing supply and demand which include legislation passage, educational assistance and the setting up of minimum staffing needs and quality standards for repayment. The major weakness of this project is that it does not point out educational factors that influence the shortage of nurses since researchers have found out that not many people want to be in the nursing profession and would rather study other carriers. Nurses have been observed to be overworked thus pushing young people away from the dreams of being future nurses. This project is highly applicable to nursing practice as it is seen that weighty considerations that should be factored out in policy creation include compensation for quality care, the employment efforts of other nurses and the multifaceted nature of the nursing profession. This project reviews the shortage of nurses and implies strategies that have to be

Market Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Economy - Essay Example Therefore, the market will only depend on the pricing, which affects their frequency for demand of some products. For instance, when some prices of some goods are reduced, the customers could insist on increasing the quantity in demand. This technique could be used by markets to shape their demand for products in the market, depending on the market perception of the products and pricing (Gregory & Robert 2004).   In part A, there is need to have a focus on the provided data, which would be used in plotting the demand curve. Given the equation P = 10 – 0.5 Q, there should be a stated acceptable pricing and quantity that will be used by the consumers. The pricing will have a direct effect on the quantity in demand, as they are closely related. Using the current price of ? 6.50, the equation will be denoted as follows; P = 10 – 0.5 Q This will be followed by a substitution of the price, which is P ? 6.50 = 10 – 0.5 Q 6.50 – 10 = - 0.5 Q -3. 50 = - 0.5 Q 3. 50 = 0.5 Q 2 *3. 50 = 0.5 Q *2 7=1Q Q = 7 When the pricing of the moonshine club is at ? 6.50, the attendance according to the above mentioned equation will be seven. This means that, the attendance will be at 7, when the pricing is at ? 6.50. Using the above equation, there is a possible curve that could be derived, given the pricing range from ? 0 to ? 10. The pricing and attendance will have change, depending on the curve and preference of the demand. For instance, many people will increase their attendance when the pricing is low. pricing quantity 0 20 1 18 2 16 3 14 4 12 5 10 6 8 7 6 8 4 9 2 10 0 In plotting a demand schedule, there are various considerations that should be factored. The First factor is the pricing of the moonshine club. The second consideration is the demand for the services of the moonshine club. When the price of the club is at 10, there would be a possible zero attendance. However, when the price of the club is at 0, the attendance is likely to be at 20. Th e elasticity of the moonshine club is evident in their pricing. The highest pricing is denoted at 10, which brings a zero attendance. However, when the club decides to reduce its pricing to zero, the attendance will be full at 20. To make a better reflection on the elast5city of the club in pricing, there is need to focus on the equilibrium point. The equilibrium point is where the lines intercept. This is when the price is at ? 6, and the attendance will be denoted at 8. In part B, there are several considerations that could be used to make the favourable changes in the pricing and demand for the services of moonshine club. In the first instance, when a substitute club initiates a reduction of the pricing from ? 5 to ? 4.50, there are possible changes that could be discovered. Since moonshine is charging ? 6.50. With two visits to moonshine club, the customer will be spending ? 13.00. However, going to the substitute charging ? 4.50 will be favorable as the customer would make thre e visits which will be charged a ? 13.50. ? 5.00 ? 4.50 2 3 In this graph, it is evident that a person would prefer three visits to a substitute club, than spend the equivalent on two visits top moonshine club. In the second scenario, there is a change in the annual income which is a 10 percent increase. With such an increase, there is a possible increase in the

Xerox Diversity Essay Example for Free

Xerox Diversity Essay Xerox views achieving diversity in its workforce as a tool to increase its competitive advantage, rather than as an obstacle. Xerox is an Equal Opportunity Employer (EOE) and applies these principles to its recruitment, selection and retention strategies. To promote cultural and racial understanding and to achieve diversity at all levels of the company, Xerox has implemented a number of programs: Balanced Workforce Strategy, Corporate Champions, Caucus Groups, Training and Development, CEO Roundtables and Work Life. The Balanced Workforce Strategy is a plan to review the companys representation of minorities and females in each pay grade band and to improve its recruitment of qualified individuals into areas where they may be under-represented. The Corporate Champions Program offers different racial and ethnic minorities the opportunity to voice their concerns to corporate officers. This program educates the senior management on diversity issues and builds linkages within the company. Caucus Groups work to create pools of qualified, successful employees who can rise up through the management ranks. The groups also serve as employee advocates, sources of self-development and tools for education and communication. Training and Development are keys to success for all employees at Xerox. The company has identifies 23 leadership attributes as a basis for management development. These attributes also define what is needed for effective business leadership. The Xerox Management Institute provides traditional classroom-based programs and develops new approaches in organizational learning. Next, CEO Roundtables create opportunities for the CEO to gain insight into the status of cultural diversity directly from employee groups. This serves as a communication tool for both the management and the employees with regard to the companys diversity issues. Work Life Programs at Xerox ensure that the workforce has the tools and flexibility it needs to achieve success. The company recognizes that many outside factors influence work behavior and in response, provides programs such as Dependent Care Fund, Alternative Work Schedules, Adoption Assistance, Mortgage Assistance and partial pay replacement for FMLA leaves. The company also offers a Childcare Subsidy, a Childcare Resource and Referral Service, an Employee Assistance Program and an Education Assistance Program. In addition, Xerox has also developed a toolkit entitled, Who Am I? Who Are You? Raising Children in a Diverse World. This toolkit helps adults have more effective discussions with children about issues surrounding diversity. By working with their children, adults become more in touch with their own attitudes about cultural diversity. The toolkit raises cu ltural awareness and sensitivity, and increases appreciation for differences. Outcomes and Significant Accomplishments Xeroxs efforts to improve and maintain corporate diversity is a part of its corporate plan and is supported by its senior management. Xerox diversity programs help the company meet its responsibilities as an EOE employer. In 1997, Xerox had full employee support for its Diversity Network. Plans for its diversity trainings were finished in 1997. Also in 1997, Xerox worked with other corporations, including Honeywell, to benchmark their diversity initiatives. Xerox participated in Catalysts national survey of 1,700 women-of-color managers, entitled Women of Color in Corporate Management: Dynamics of Career Advancement. Catalyst works with businesses to help advance women. The survey was conducted from November 1997 through January 1998. Xerox also co-sponsored a CEO Diversity Summit with the Ford Foundation.

International trade and specialisation

International trade and specialisation The nations economic structures was formed by the pervasive power of internationalisation which is a substantial phenomenon improved rapidly especially in the last decades. International business, one of the constituents of globalisation and liberalization in todays world, International business from Toynes perspective is the process that involves the exchange of goods and /or services across or within national boundaries between two or more social actions in different countries for commercial reasons (Vaghefi et al., 1991). A broad definition provided by Aswathppa those business transactions that involve the crossing of national boundaries which include, product presence in different markets of the world, production bases across the globe, human resource to contain high diversity, investment in international services, transactions involving intellectual properties ( Aswathppa, 2008) , these definitions embraces the immense global companies with high scale operations and coalition ar ound the world, and the small companies which run low scale operations and may be only with one country. International business is the major key drive behind the raising for a lot of economies like China, India and Brazil, also the backbone for thousands of the multinational organisations. Increasingly, world business was shaped by the flow of goods, services and investments among countries under globalization perspectives. The dynamicity of the international business is accessible in two major ways; the international trade and the equities or investments, this paper will discuss in a critically approach these two major categories of international business in favour of free trade, with clarifying the costs and benefits of International trade and specialisation. 1-International trade The first pace to international trade is the Mercantilism that promote to posses more gold and silver by enlarge exporting and shrink importing by tariffs and quotas. But this approach pours the benefits only to one side of the trade neglecting the other side of the trade (Piggott, 2006). However, Mercantilism from Heckschers point of view is a system provides a confederation to the country (Haley, 1936) but, mercantilism does not show the ideal paradigm for free trade it advocated barriers for the foreign investments and does not encourage the competition which can lead to monopolism (Tuldar, 1987). The actual step towards international free trade was the absolute advantage by Smith and it substantiates that trade is a positive-sum game, there are gains for both dealers, opposing the mercantilism that see the trade is zero-sum game. The basic concept of smiths theory is specialisation should be given to the goods which produced efficiently, and certainly not turn out commodities that can purchase it in a lower cost. For example, Saudi Arabia has an absolute advantage in oil, according to Smith Saudi Arabia will specialise on producing oil and within trade Saudi Arabia will export oil and import goods that she can not produce it effectively. Smiths theory is oversimplified because he assumed that the labor is the only factor of production and labor is uniform, nevertheless labor is skilled and unskilled, and labor is not only the comparative factor of production (Piggott and Cook, 2006). Not only absolute advantage in one good can be profitable but also for all good, Ricardo stated in the comparative advantage theory that the trade is also profitable for the state by specialise in the most efficient production and import the goods are less resourceful in production, therefore, the international trade streams is determined by a countrys product that comparative to another country. By an empirical study by Neven to find out the comparative advantage between the European countries using the production factors, he concluded that labor presented the dominated advantage and human capital offered the solidest disadvantage (Neven, 1990:27). Some criticism faced the Ricardian model, for example, the assumption of transferring factors of production and this has limited possibility, the transportation cost and economies of scale were ignored by Ricardo and Smith (Chacholiades, 1990) Alternatively, Heckscher and Ohlin argue that the trade is based on the endowments or the factors of production (land, capital, labour). However, they agree with Ricardo about the lucrativeness of international trade. Consequently, the countries which have abundant of labour should be specialised in products like textile and shoes, and the countries which have abundant of land should produce land intensive goods such as corns and wheat. Therefore, these countries will export those goods because they have a comparative advantage in it, and rare factors dependant goods should be imported. H-O theory was tested by Leontief on the US exports and imports and regarding to H-O theory US is capital rich country it will export capital rich products and import for example labor intensive goods. But, as a result for his test in 1947 and 1951, he found that US imports were more capital intensive goods. However, this result varied with the same test in the 1970s (Piggott, 2006:40). Baldwin claimed that Leontiefs result, in that time was directed by the American tariffs and non-tariffs, like quotas and safety and health regulations and if it was against labor consummate goods so, the capital-consummate goods was the only way to trade with US moreover, he confirmed that the economists who was highly confidences of H-O theory was diminished by Leontief empirical result (Baldwin, 1971). Like H-O theory Leontief ignored the Human capital that considered as one of the factors of production. It displays the knowledge and skills for the labour therefore; human capital intensive goods fo r example computer software and aerospace could be one of the determinants of the trade. (Hill, 2006 global business today) While H-O and Leontief ignored technology, Product life cycle theory takes in the account the technology as a comparative advantage. In the high-tech countries this model put forward that any product starts to be new product to become standardised, in the last stage, where the dispersion and the adoption of innovations form other organisations, the product will be produced massively, and the necessity of shifting production to get a low cost location arise and steadily the production in the host country will start to export the same product to the Home country for the product. Similarly, because the rapid growth of the multinational organisations around the world, it might be favourable for the organisation to produce the new product from the host or the foreign country (Ajami et al., 2006) Focusing on the economic of scale is the main concept of the new trade theory. By adopting this theory the country can specialise in a limited rang of goods with a high scale of production to gain the low-cost production, and then the free trade will expand the market size beyond national boundaries. So the availability for producing a variety of goods and conducting low cost will attain reciprocally beneficial. However, for the industries that conduct a substantial share in the world demand by accomplish the economies of scale the trade will support a few of the organisation or the first entrants to this industries like aerospace industry. Since the fast growing of international business and according to the trade liberalization , the need for some standards was raised, Criterions for international trade was established to control and arrange the international trade therefore, the idea of World Trade Organisation (WTO) had raisin with a structure designed to offer the coordinated polices and support liberalization in the global market besides the free flow for goods and services (Hornsby, 2010).In addition General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to insure about the reduction of tariffs and quotas. Moreover, trade blocs were a significant movement towards free trade for example: EU, G20, APEC, NAFTA and CARENS GROUP. (BBC, 2005) Advantages and disadvantages for international trade and specialisation One of the main benefits of international trade is economic growth and this concept was proved by Edwards (1992), the study defined that international trade have a significant influence on growth, how can the developing countries as poor nations attract and adopt the technological progress from the industrial economies the study was based on 30 developing countries and appeared that the more opened and non restrictive trade policies the faster growth. In the same vein specialisation support the economic growth, the economic development can conduct by an efficient specialisation (Enright, 1996). Growth could happen in a long-standing by specialisation as a result of Page study on small mining centres in Canada (Page, 2002). International trade can improve the environment, Bhagwati stated that the economic growth will consequence an expansion in production therefore, the countrys revenue will increase as such the state can spend for improving the environment (Bhagwati, 1993).however, (Mullen et al., 2009) argued that developing countries turn over from agriculture to industrial activities and they may produce for example chemical products which cause absolute pollution. From another side, the more production and the more exporting the more revenues that can spend to improve the environment. For example Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) that signifies in the first phases of the growth it is obvious the dilapidation for the environment and this degradation will decrease by the rising in the income (Gryz, 2008).Hence this could be a benefit and a cost in the same time for international trade. The increases of international trade and in turn the economic growth will raise the gross national product as a result it will recuperating the individual freedom (Mullen et al., 2009) furthermore, higher levels of educations will be an outcome also new initiatives and individual freedom(Mullen et al., 1996 cited in Mullen, 2009) Advance physical quality of life correlated to International trade, according to a study run by (Mullen et al., 2009) importing enhance PQOL since the importing process will increase the supply then decrease the prices so the individuals can satisfy easily they essential needs therefore importing enhance PQOL . But increasing exporting will increase the demand in the country and then will rise the prices consequently it will be difficult for the individuals to satisfy their vital requirements will increasing exports will lessen PQOL. Source: (Mullen et al., 2009) From the environmentalists shore there is a significant drawback for international trade, they see that the more international trade the more pollution, and the more progress of technology the more utilization of the natural resources and deforestation this confirmed by Gryz in a study focusing on the developing countries that international trade contribute in air pollution by enlarge the emissions of CO2 and SO2 (Gryz, 2008). Specialisation as the key driver for the international trade, it can enlarge production of products and services and consequently high quality with lower cost. Specialisation will increase the size of the market resemble international trade which make the option for conducting the economic of scale clear. Consequently, the competition will be a vital element which result low prices for individuals. From the other side, specialisation could bring risks. Using specialisation very excessively is able to bring inflation (Watkins, 1963 cited in Clower and beer 2009). Moreover, specialisation can affect inadequately on the stability of the economy (Barkly et al., 1999). 2-Equities The second category of the international business is equities which composing of: foreign direct investments (FDI) and foreign portfolio investments (FPI) 2-1 foreign portfolio investment (FPI) The investments by individual, firms or public bodies in foreign financial instrument like bonds and stocks or other financial assets and the portfolio proportion in the total foreign equity is less than 10% (Hill, 2006) without managing or controlling these investments. Although most of the barriers were fallen in favor of international business, the foreign portfolio investment is tremendously limited; Kang and Stulz justify this phenomenon that most of the investment was held by the domestic investors raising the home-bias issue as a determinant of FPI. (Kang and Stulz, 1995) Two main obstacles facing the FPI: First, political threat in the foreign market and the caution from impound the shares or the potentialities to return the investments so that, we find the majority investors in FPI are home residents. However, the risk in the short-term money market is less than the FPI equity because is more liquidity with low cost. Second, information asymmetric, Kang and Stulz stated the positive relationship between information and investments if the foreign investor has less information he will invest fewer. FPI could be a good source for foreign investors if they familiar with these investments abroad like the weighty exporters, and they concluded that the more organisations export the more shares possessed by foreign investors (Metro, 1987). In addition, Razin and Goldstein see the information problem arises when the investors need to sell the shares in advance, therefore the investors will go through the FPI if their probability to get liquidity shock fewer and invest in the FDI if they are less expected to get liquidity shock (Goldstein and Razin, 2006), liquidity shock could be considered a determinant for FPI. 2-2 foreign direct investment (FDI) FDI is the investment that happen directly in production or other facilities in a foreign country over Which it has effective control. (Shenkar and Luo, 2004) The main important feature that differentiates between FDI and FPI is control over the assets in the foreign countries by the affiliates, supporting these affiliates with management team locating near the selected market, therefore the decisions that related to this market will be effective. There are three types for FDI: First, Greenfield investment, and this form occurs when the company decides to start a new business in a foreign country. Second, mergers and acquisitions by merging with the local companies in the host countries or acquiring companies in the host market this, this is the widespread element to FDI, M As share in FDI raised from 80% in 1997 (UNCTAD, 2007).However, it is argued that MA will diminish the competition because there is no add to the capital, but the supporter for this pattern argued that MA is mainstay to stand in the global competition by insert new technologies and new management strategies (Shenkar and Luo, 2004:78) Third, reinvestment by using the profits in the foreign markets to make further investments. FDI theories Product life cycle theory, the same theory of international trade. Internalization theory, the way that the diffused operations in the foreign countries internalized by unified governance structure, it argues that because the deficiency of the intermediate products the internalization will create contracting. However, Shenkar and Luo see that the internalization a way to gain from intra-organizational system. (Shenkar and Luo, 2004:62) The Eclectic paradigm, this theory show the joint of microeconomic of the firm and macroeconomic of international trade by perceiving three interdependent factors: ownership specific factors like tangible assets and intangible assets, location specific factor like endowments and countries policies and internalization. It argued that this theory is broad-spectrum and does not propose a macro clarification for FDI and its factors is not reliant. Dunning the founder of the theory replied that he presented a general framework with interdependence level, and from a perspective of the country level he provides a macro-analysis of FDI. (Piggott and Cook, 2006) Reasons for FDI Penetrating the foreign market could be with exporting, licensing or FDI. Companies adopting FDI rather than exporting to keep away from the tariffs and quotas that imposed by host markets, and avoid the high transportation cost especially with the low value-to- weight ratio goods for example, cement products. Also firms choose FDI than licensing (allow certain foreign firms to produce home firms product and gain fees on each product) because the licensing does not give the stiff control over the production or marketing also, licensing could be a way to present a significant technological idea to a likely foreign rivals. (Hill, 2006) Increase sales and profits in the foreign markets is main reason for FDI most of the firms to fulfill considerable profits in the foreign markets especially if the local firms are not able to gratify the demand of goods and services, for example, Intel corporation, Coca Cola, Wal-mart, Carrefour, Pepsi Cola, CEMEX, Aflac and a lot of them. But there is a criticism on most of these opportunities seized in the same area for example Wal-mart has 72.36% (Wal-mart, annual report 2010) of his stores only in North America. Tesco has 73% (Tesco annual report 2009) of his Stores in Europe. Reducing costs is another motive for FDI, seeking for the low-cost production is crucial aspects for gaining profits so, firms decide to go through the foreign markets to accomplish low labor cost especially in the developing countries Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Moreover, low material cost, low power cost and low transportation cost. Acquiring a place in the powerful economic community like EU in Europe, NAFTA In North America and ASEAN in Asia, could be very profitable to a firm to gain alliance in one those blocs without any restrictions besides the entrants firms can acquire new technological and managerial concepts by observing and analysis the top competitors in the market. (Rugman and Collinson, 2006) Mostly the FPI located in the developed countries than developing countries because: first, the unambiguousness in the developed economics makes the FPI efficient. Second, FDI will not be profitable in the atmosphere of the high production cost of developed countries. So, FDI located in the low-cost environments apparently the developing countries. From an empirical study by Razin and Goldstein they stated that FPI is more volatility and more withdrawal rates that FDI. (Goldstein and Razin, 2006) Conclusion International business with its both significant categories: international trade and equities created an evolution in the global business. While the mercantilism established the theory on base of the restrictions to gain economic-political power, the follow theories stated that international trade is beneficial game and the key driver is specialisation with awareness of the control of inflows and outflows of goods and services (Warburton, 2010) through WTO, GATT or trade blocs. Equities was shaped with FPI and FDI, FPI is limited, less controlled and provides the investors with fast liquidity investments and FDI has the big share of equities and depend on control and management. The significance of these topics rises in its consequences. In other words the economic growth and quality of life for some of the developing countries attributed to international business. Vaghefi M., Paulson S. and Tomlinson W. (1991) International business theory and practice. New York: Taylor and Francis New York Inc. Piggott J. and Cook M. (2006) International Business Economics, a European Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Haley, B. (1936) Heckscher, Mercantilism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics.50 (2) pp. 347-354 Tuldar R. (1987)subsidy polices for production automation mercantilism and liberalism revisited. Comparative Political Studies.20 (2) pp. 192-228 Baldwin R. (1971)Determinants of The Commodity structure of US Trade. The American Economic Review.61 (1) March pp.126-146 BBC (2005) BBC News: Business. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4510792.stm [Accessed 28th Oct 2010] Hornsby D. (2010)WTO effectiveness in resolving transatlantic trade-environment conflict. Journal of international trade law and policy. 9 (3), pp. 297-309 Warburton C. (2010)International trade law and trade theory. Journal of international trade law and policy.9(1) pp.64-82 Edwards S. (1992) Trade orientation, distortion and growth in developing countries, journal of development economics.39 (1) pp.31-57 Beer A. and Clower T. (2009) Specialisation and Growth: Evidence from Australias Regional Cities. Urban studies. 46(2) pp.369-389 Mullen et al., (2009) Effects of International Trade and Economic Development on Quality of Life. Journal of Macromarketing. (29)3 pp.244-258 Gryz A. (2008) Economic growth, international trade and air pollution: A decomposition analysis. Ecological Economics.68 (5) pp.1329-1339 Riley G. (2006) Economics: As markets and market system. Available at http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-markets-specialisation-trade.html. [Accessed 29th Oct 2010]. Kang J. and Stulz R. (1997) Why is there a home bias? An analysis of foreign portfolio equity ownership in Japan. Journal of Financial Economics.46 (1) pp.3-28 Merton, R.C., 1987. A simple model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. Journal of Finance 42(1) pp. 483 510 Goldstein I. and Razin A. (2006) An information-based trade off between foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment. Journal of international economics.70 (1) pp.271-295 Chacholiades, M. (1990) international economics. New York: McGraw Hill Neven D. (1990) EEC integration towards 1992: some distributional aspects. Economic policy. 5(1) pp.13-62 UNCTAD (2007) World investment report 2007.transnational corporations, extractive Industries and development. United Nations. Ajami R. et al. (2006) International Business: trade and theory. New York: M.E. Sharp Inc. Aswathappa K. (2008) International Business (3ed). 3rd ed. Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Limited.

The sandinista Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

During the forty-three year Somoza dictatorship a revolution was proved inevitable. During the period of the Somoza regime many conflicts between the government and the people arose. Some of these conflicts were mainly with the National Guard, but in 1978 conflicts hit its climax. In 1978, Pedro Joaquin Chamorro, a salient newspaper editor and leader to the Somoza opposition was assassinated; it is believed that by one of Somoza’s business man. This mans death gave a deep feeling of commotion throughout the country, establishing a nation wide strike against the Somoza government. The National Guard responded to the attacks by assassinating many civilians and violating many others rights. On August 1978, a Sandinista Commando (headed by Eden Pastora) seized control of the national palace,...

Personal Trainer, Inc. Essay

Background You are enjoying your job as a student intern at Personal Trainer. Last week, Susan asked you to help her plan the new information system project. Susan knows that you have completed several information systems courses at the local college, and that you have studied project management tools and techniques. Specifically, she wants you to get ready for the next set of systems development tasks, which will be requirements modeling for the new system. Yesterday, Susan called you into her office to discuss the specific tasks she wants you to perform. After meeting with Susan, you sit down and review your notes. She wants you to treat the set of tasks as a project, and to use project management skills to plan the tasks. Here is what she suggested to you as a work breakdown structure, including the duration she estimated for each task: First, you need to meet with fitness center managers at other Personal Trainer locations (10 days). After these meetings, you can conduct a series of interviews (8 days). When the interviews are complete, two tasks can begin at the same time: you can review company records (2 days) and observe business operations (7 days). When you have reviewed the records and observed business operations, you can analyze the BumbleBee accounting software (3 days) and study a sample of sales and billing transactions (1 day). You are excited about the opportunity to practice your skills, and you start to work on the following list. Personal Trainer, Inc. Fact-Finding Summary A typical center has 300-500 members, with two membership levels: full and limited. Full members have access to all activities. Limited members are restricted to activities they have selected, but they can participate in other activities by paying a usage fee. All members have charge privileges. Charges for merchandise and services are recorded on a charge slip, which is signed by the member. At the end of each day, cash sales and charges are entered into the BumbleBee accounting software, which runs on a computer workstation at each location. Daily cash receipts are deposited in a local bank and credited to the corporate Personal Trainer account. The BumbleBee program produces a daily activity report with a listing of all sales transactions. At the end of the month, the local manager uses BumbleBee to transmit an accounts receivable summary to the Personal Trainer headquarters in Chicago, where member statements are prepared and mailed. Members mail their payments to the Personal Trainer headquarters, where the payment is applied to the member account. The BumbleBee program stores basic member information, but does not include information about member preferences, activities, and history. Currently, the BumbleBee program produces one local report (the daily activity report) and three reports that are prepared at the headquarters location: a monthly member sales report, an exception report for inactive members and late payers, and a quarterly profit-and-loss report that shows a breakdown of revenue and costs for each separate activity. Assignments 1. List the system requirements, with examples for each category. Review the information that Susan gathered, and assume that she will add her own ideas to achieve more effective outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls. The system requirements for the new Personal Trainer system can be identified by careful analysis of the fact-finding summary on page 184. The summary contains a number of â€Å"must† statements, and various items on the â€Å"wish list† that were suggested by local managers and staff members. Students should be able to identify, classify, and enumerate these items. Sample suggestions for outputs, inputs, processes, performance, and controls might include the following: Outputs: Report on delinquent payments, more frequent reports on trends and profitability, computerized activity and wellness log, more detailed exception reports, what-if scenarios that managers can use to plan promotions and discounts Inputs: More information about member preferences, activities and history, method to obtain member suggestions and e-mail messages Dr. Rafael Nieves Page 4 Processes: Automated process to scan key chain IDs or credit cards, process to manage part-time instructors and staff Performance: New design for sales slips, better information on members Controls: Standardized coding system to be used company wide, better  reconciliation of data, and creation of audit trails 2. Are there scalability issues that Susan should consider? What are they? Scalability refers to a system’s ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future. Because it will have a longer useful life, a scalable system offers a better return on the initial investment. To evaluate scalability, Susan will need information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes. For example, she would need to know the estimated number of customers, transaction volume, peak periods, number and types of data items required for each transaction, and the method of accessing and updating customer files. 3. If Susan wants to conduct a survey of current or prospective members to obtain their input, what type of sampling should she use? Why? Students might suggest a stratified sample of former members and prospective members. It is relatively easy to identify former members from Personal Trainer’s records, but it might be more difficult to identify prospective members. Several options are available. Personal Trainer might request survey input from members who have recommended friends in the past. Were the new members happy, and did they remain as members? Why or why not? This might be quite valuable input in predicting future membership results.  Also, perhaps the company has a list of people who have requested information about Personal Trainer in the past, but never signed up for a class. That group might be an interesting sample. Finally, former students might be an interesting group to survey. 4. Draw an FDD that shows the main operations described in the fact statement. The fact-finding summary on page 184 identifies many of Personal Trainer’s activities, functions, and processes. Answers will vary based on different perceptions of Personal Trainer’s main operations.

Biochemistry and Technology Essay

1. For the lesson, I chose the topic of animal cloning for agricultural needs. 2. The sources I used are http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/FDAVeterinarianNewsletter/ucm106070.htm http://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/how/areas-of-research/animal-cloning/ 3. Cloning has always been something of science fiction, the ability to make an exact copy of an organism. Recently though, this sci-fi idea is more of reality than ever. Many have heard of Dolly the sheep, a perfect clone, but cloning has been done many times throughout the world. Rabbits, horses, mice and others have been clone before. Since cloning only takes one parent cell, the offspring is an exact genetic replica of the first. Now, cloning for agriculture was one of the first marketing thoughts on the subject. If a farmer were to have just one healthy pig that could end up being 100 healthy pigs, it would get rid of the problem of genetic problems with farm animals. A 100% success rate would help the farming business greatly. 4. There are many positive aspects of cloning technology for the use of livestock trading. This technology would benefit all in the livestock circle. Imagine that every steak you came from the â€Å"near-perfect† cow. Each cow would have the genes of one â€Å"perfect† cow. This would give the consumer and producer less work of having to find the best of what they want. 5. Many fear that cloning could be used for the wrong purposes, the main being human testing. People fear that the testing of animals is just the first step to people. Another problem that people fear is that animals will start to less seem like animals and just soulless things. 6. So Dolly was not the first clone, and she looked like any other sheep, so why did she cause so much excitement and concern, since she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, rather than an embryo. This was a major scientific achievement, but also raised ethical concerns.